4th Industrial Revolution || চতুর্থ শিল্প বিপ্লব || কেমন হতে যাচ্ছে একবিংশ শতাব্দীর বিশ্ব?

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Our world has witnessed three industrial revolutions so far starting from the 18th century. If we take a look at history chronologically we would find that the First Industrial Revolution took place from the 18th to 19th centuries when mostly agro-based communities, rural societies became industrial and urban. The iron and textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine, played central roles in the Industrial Revolution. The Second Industrial Revolution took place between 1870 and 1914, just before World War I. It was a period of growth for pre-existing industries and expansion of new ones, such as steel, oil, and electricity, and used electric power to create mass production. Major technological advances during this period included the telephone, light bulb, phonograph, and the internal combustion engine. The Third Industrial Revolution, or the Digital Revolution, refers to the advancement of technology from analog electronic and mechanical devices to the digital technology available today. The era started during the 1980s and is ongoing. Advancements during the Third Industrial Revolution include the personal computer, the internet, and information and communications technology (ICT).

FIRST:
• Took place from the 18th to 19th centuries when mostly agro-based community, rural societies became industrial and urban.
• The iron and textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine, played central roles in the Industrial Revolution.
SECOND:
• Took place between 1870 and 1914, just before World War I.
• It was a period of growth for pre-existing industries and the expansion of new ones, such as steel, oil, and electricity, and used electric power to create mass production.
• Major technological advances during this period included the telephone, light bulb, phonograph, and the internal combustion engine. (Nicolas Otto, Alva Adision)
THIRD:
• Digital Revolution refers to the advancement of technology from analog electronic and mechanical devices to the digital technology available today.
• The era started during the 1980s and is ongoing.
• Advancements during the Third Industrial Revolution include the personal computer, the internet, and information and communications technology (ICT).
FOURTH:
• Characterized mainly by advances in technology.
• Finally, will change not only what we do but also who we are.
• It will affect our identity and all the issues associated with it: our sense of privacy, our notions of ownership, our consumption patterns, the time we devote to work and leisure, and how we develop our careers, cultivate our skills, meet people, and nurture relationships.”
• This is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is distorting the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres that includes robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, quantum computing, cloud computing, big data, augmented reality, simulation, biotechnology, the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, 3D printing, and autonomous vehicles.

• For example- Uber has no taxi of their own which is now the world's largest taxi service company.
• The largest online social media, Facebook itself does not create even a single line of content.
• The largest e-commerce giant, Alibaba have no warehouse of their own.
• Even the largest online marketplace and hospitality service provider, Airbnb does not have its own hotels or dormitories.

• Each of those companies has now tied up hundreds of millions of people around the globe with mighty virtual connectivity.
• The IT-related infrastructure that have been established so far, such as submarine cable network, microwave mobile network, thousands of satellites orbiting the globe, data center and millions of mobile, laptop, tab, the desktop is being used by those big companies as the most effective tools for connecting emotions, demands, and psychology of all the people of the world.

• technology becomes embedded within societies and even the human body.
• Heavy implementation of several emerging technologies with a high potential for disruptive effects.

• Many observers are, therefore, anticipating all of those elements as the biggest threat to social security, and even to the existence of human beings to some extent.

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